Have you ever watched Star Trek DS9? My shiny new thought about X-Men is that Magneto is Section 31 to the X-Men's Federation.
I think Charles started to see the point of pragmatism when the humans sent missiles at them, but he still is a visionary because he hopes for a better future. So he teaches the X-Men his ideals for the future, while trying to protect them by hiding them. Meanwhile, Erik doesn't see a better future per se, because he rarely moves out of survival mode. He makes future plans, etc but they're all about making sure mutants survive and become stronger. He doesn't think about positives futures beyond survival. These 2 viewpoints don't have to be opposites but could work together. For example, if Prof X knew something needed to be done but it would hurt the ideals of his X-men to do it, Magneto would be willing to take that step. Meanwhile, Magneto battles on knowing that should he ever win the war to secure mutants safety, they would then require Prof X's vision to give them a future. In this scenario, Charles provides Erik's hope for the future, while Erik acts as a sword&shield to get them there. They complement each other. Or could, depending on how things fall out primarily in Charles' mind - I think Erik knew Charles for who he was and could readily come together with him again. For all his telepathy, I don't think Charles believed Erik would kill humans so willingly (he even used the just following orders excuse, how better to illustrate how little he understands what he knows of Erik). So, it depends on what Charles took away from the beach as to whether he now understands Erik's fears more. Taking Moira's memory protected her, but also the mutants, so he must have learned discretion at least...
By the way, I don't know too much of the current XMen comics canon, but my impression of Prof X from my childhood is of someone who believed wholeheartedly in his ideals, while at the same time being a bit havey cavey/not letting everyone in on his secret plans at times. I could see him doing some questionable things pretty easily, but hiding it from people whose ideals might be hurt if they knew sometimes those ideals have to bend to survive.
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I think Charles started to see the point of pragmatism when the humans sent missiles at them, but he still is a visionary because he hopes for a better future. So he teaches the X-Men his ideals for the future, while trying to protect them by hiding them. Meanwhile, Erik doesn't see a better future per se, because he rarely moves out of survival mode. He makes future plans, etc but they're all about making sure mutants survive and become stronger. He doesn't think about positives futures beyond survival. These 2 viewpoints don't have to be opposites but could work together. For example, if
Prof X knew something needed to be done but it would hurt the ideals of his X-men to do it, Magneto would be willing to take that step. Meanwhile, Magneto battles on knowing that should he ever win the war to secure mutants safety, they would then require Prof X's vision to give them a future. In this scenario, Charles provides Erik's hope for the future, while Erik acts as a sword&shield to get them there. They complement each other. Or could, depending on how things fall out primarily in Charles' mind - I think Erik knew Charles for who he was and could readily come together with him again. For all his telepathy, I don't think Charles believed Erik would kill humans so willingly (he even used the just following orders excuse, how better to illustrate how little he understands what he knows of Erik). So, it depends on what Charles took away from the beach as to whether he now understands Erik's fears more. Taking Moira's memory protected her, but also the mutants, so he must have learned discretion at least...
By the way, I don't know too much of the current XMen comics canon, but my impression of Prof X from my childhood is of someone who believed wholeheartedly in his ideals, while at the same time being a bit havey cavey/not letting everyone in on his secret plans at times. I could see him doing some questionable things pretty easily, but hiding it from people whose ideals might be hurt if they knew sometimes those ideals have to bend to survive.